Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology

✅ The emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major challenge in tuberculosis treatment and control. In addition, multidrug resistance (MDR) and, more broadly, extensive drug resistance (XDR) have hampered treatment with common antibiotics. Thus, an herbal medicine containing antimicrobial capability can be a good alternative to antituberculosis drugs. In this study, we reviewed the effect of folk herbs in Iran as anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis drugs.

✅ Highlights:

1- Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) from the COVID-19 vaccine could occur at any age, in both sexes, and with any vaccine.

2- Females were predominant cases of CVT post-vaccination.

3- Headache was the most typical clinical symptom.

4- Thrombocytopenia, PF4 IgG Assay, and d-Dimer were positive in the majority of the reported studies.

✅Based on the result outcome, it is recommended that, blood culture and Widal techniques having sensitivity of 60% and 53.8% respectively be used as a harmonized composite reference standard for enteric fever diagnosis to improve prevalence appraisals.

✅ Highlights:

1. We aimed to determine the frequency of genes encoding ESBL in gram-negative bacteria.
2. Out of 165 isolates, 83 strains were resistant to all antibiotics.
3. The frequency of ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteria is high in Kermanshah

✅ Considering the presence of aadE gene in 83.3% of Shigella dysenteriae isolates, it is important to investigate the presence of this gene in providing a suitable treatment model for patients infected with this bacterium, as well as the expression of aadE gene as the most common one. The expression of the aminoglycoside resistance gene was reduced to a relative amount in the presence of curcumin nanoparticles. Therefore, curcumin nanoparticles can be a suitable alternative for the treatment of strains carrying aminoglycoside resistance genes.

✅ This study showed that 18% of gastric cancer patients were infected with HPV DNA. Men had the highest number of positive HPV samples compared to women. Therefore, it can be a suggestion to investigate the mechanism further and recommend carcinogenesis. Also, the IHC method can be an alternative to the PCR method due to its high accuracy and cost-effectiveness.

✅ Highlights:
1- Q fever is a high potential food borne disease distributed worldwide.
2- QpH1 plasmid is involved in the development of acute forms of Q fever.
3- C. burnetii plasmids RFLP profiles Studied for the first time in Iran.

✅ Biofilm formation significantly reduces susceptibility to antibiotic agents. Evaluation of biofilm formation showed that all isolates could produce biofilm; hence, they are very important for public health. Therefore, it is necessary to determine antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation capacity and the frequency of biofilm-related virulence genes in the clinical setting.

✅ Our findings suggest that P. aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of OM infection in Iraqi patients. Most bacterial isolates show the presence of nan1 and tox A genes, with a high prevalence of tox A than nan1. The presence of these genes is one of the virulence factors and probably partly explains the resistance to antibiotics.

✅ We present WGS analysis of three A. baumannii strains belonging to three different STs. The presence of strains harboring acquired AMR genes makes them more dangerous. Acquired resistance genes and chromosomal gene mutation are successful routes for disseminating AMR determinants among A. baumannii. Identification of chromosomal and plasmid-encoded AMR in the genome of A. baumannii may help understand the mechanism behind the genetic mobilization and spread of AMR genes.

✅ It is imperative to timely diagnose and monitor cases of VAT as this would help in deriving an effective early therapeutic intervention and in implementing timely preventive strategies that could help reduce progression of VAT to Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP).

✅Based on results of Leptosoira spp. lipL₃₂ gene, 2 positive samples (1.3%) were identified. Hence, it was concluded that there is nosignification relation between abortion rate and Leptospirosis in Lorestan province, Iran. It must be mentioned that due to the zoonotic nature of this bacterium, rapid diagnosis of this disease in livestock can extremely decrease outbreak of this disease in humans.

✅ Highlights:
1- Influenza/COVID-19 ratio was 1/0.95.
2- Patients with influenza were significantly younger than patients with COVID-19.
3- The proportion of males and females was not meaningfully different in the COVID-19 and influenza patients.

✅Totally, 95 confirmed malaria patients were investigated from 2011 to 2020. Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species with 81 cases (85.26%). The highest rate of infection was observed in 49 cases (51.6.3%), in the age group of 50 years with 27 cases (42.86%), and in the working class with 69 cases (72.63%).

✅ In year 12, issue 4 (October-November, 2018) of the Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology (IJMM), an article entitled "History of Bacterial Infection Diseases in Iran'' on pages 230-238 was published by Akbar Mirsalehian and Mosayeb Dalvand as authors. Since the studies on medical history in medical research are very important, i request you to publish the following contents in one of the journal's issues as a letter to the editor.

✅ The results obtained from various studies show that the mix and match of vaccines can be helpful in the current situation, and besides that the protein-based vaccines are more effective when they are used as a booster. Considering these studies, to my way of thinking, the use of protein-based vaccines as booster may be more beneficial.