Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology

✅​Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. In this bacteria, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) can positively and negatively alter the expression of various genes through various mechanisms, such as activating transcription factors or binding to DNA targets of the chromatin complex. The  current study's purpose was to review the lncRNAs in M. tuberculosis.

✅ Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) prevalence varies dramatically by region, with one-fourth of the world's population infected. The number of people with LTBI progressing to active tuberculosis illness (aTB) should be decreased to meet the WHO End TB Strategy objective of decreasing worldwide tuberculosis incidence by 2030.

✅  Highlights:

• The study identified a novel mutation, 28280-2GAT>CTA, which resulted in an amino acid change (D3L). The mutation had not been previously reported in existing literature, suggesting a unique genetic alteration in the virus.

• Three additional mutations (28484G>A, 29129T>G, 29131T>C) were found, causing amino acid substitutions (G70S, N284K, F285L). These substitutions may have implications for the virus's behavior and interactions with the host.

• A distinctive mutation at position 26281 A>T (I13L) was identified in a Wuhan sample (sample 3). This particular mutation had not been observed elsewhere, indicating a potentially rare genetic feature of the virus in that specific sample.

✅  Highlights:

• The sensitivity of each parameter in the model affects the accuracy of predicting future malaria transmission.

• Sensitivity analysis is important to discuss so that the most influential parameters in the malaria transmission model can be identified.

• These parameters can be used as a reference in malaria transmission control strategies.

✅ Results demonstrated that the prevalence of gastroenteric infections among children is relevant and should be considered by the national health authority. This study is the first work conducted in the province of Al-Ahsa in Saudi Arabia. It could improve epidemiological and etiological data on children's AGE in the province.

✅  The Our results indicated that nested PCR has high sensitivity in detecting plasmids.

✅  Highlights:

• The isolates of Staphylococcus aureus had mecA-gene for methicillin resistance. 

• The most prevalent genes in S.aureus bacteria isolates were LukE/D gene, eta gene, etd gene, LukS/F gene and tst gene respectively. All isolates tested negative for the etb gene.

• The results of sequencing analysis of studied genes showed that there were no genetic mutations and they were 100% identical except for the eta gene. The results indicated three genetic mutations.

✅ We suggested 10 candidate proteins that showed suitable characteristics including outer membrane protein F (OprF) and ferric enterobactin receptor.

✅  Highlights:

• A significant presence of multidrug-resistant P. vulgaris strains was found, particularly in urinary tract infections.

• Our study revealed the prevalence of resistance genes like UreC and blaCTX-M, uncovering genetic resistance mechanisms.

• Females showed higher susceptibility to P. vulgaris urinary tract infections, emphasizing gender-specific considerations.
  

✅  Highlights:

• The incidence of infection due to MDROs in sepsis patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital was 66.93%.

• Based on the type of MDROs, the incidence of infection was due to ESBL (43.5%), CRO (12.1%), MRSA (10.5%), and VRE (1.6%).

• The distribution of causative bacteria in sepsis patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital was Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.7%), Escherichia coli (26.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.7%), Acinetobacter baumannii (13.3%), Enterobacter cloacae (7.2%), Enterococcus faecalis (2.4%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (1.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.2%), Raoultella planticola (1.2%), Moraxella sp (1.2%), Enterococcus aerogenes (1,2%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1.2%).

• The incidence of infection due to MDROs in sepsis patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital was 66.93%.

• A significant correlation was found between the history of antibiotic use and urinary catheter use with the incidence of infection due to MDROs in sepsis patients treated at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital.

• The use of urinary catheters and a history of antibiotic use were the most significant risk factors affecting the incidence of infection due to MDROs in sepsis patients admitted to Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital.

✅  Highlights:

• WHONET software is a database for analysis of microbiology data specially, antibiotic resistant pattern.

• WHONET software is useful for following clinical interventions, controlling nosocomial infections programs, management decisions and policies in hospitals.

• In our study, the results analysis with WHONET software showed that there was one main way to resistance and some P.aeruginosa  isolates used different other ways for resistance to IPM and MEM.

✅  Highlights:

• Enhanced Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties: The blueberry fruit extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, with the unripe fruit extract showing the highest inhibitory effect. It also demonstrated cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF7) while showing no significant toxicity on normal cells (L929).

• Time-Killing Effects on Salmonella Growth: The time-killing study showed that the unripe blueberry fruit extract completely inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium after 18 hours of incubation. The extract from all three developmental stages showed a gradual reduction in bacterial viability, with no bacterial growth observed after 24 hours.

• Cytotoxic Activity on Cancer Cells: The unripe blueberry fruit extract displayed the highest cytotoxic activity against the HeLa and MCF7 cancer cell lines compared to the semi-ripe and ripe fruit extracts. A concentration of 1 mg/ml and after 72 hours resulted in over 90% cellular toxicity for both cancer cell lines.