Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology

• The number of vaccinated children is higher than controls children.

• Patients with BCG vaccination tend to have less risk to develop TBM.

• There is significant inverse association of BCG vaccination on TBM.

• Nearly 48% of infertile men showed seminal bacterial contamination with different species.

• Bacterial infections significantly impaired sperm motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation index.

• CoNS and Enterobacter spp. exhibited the most severe effects on sperm quality metrics.

• Teucrium polium extract showed strong antioxidant capacity and high phenolic-flavonoid content.

• The extract significantly enhanced ampicillin and kanamycin efficacy in resistant E. coli strains.

• Proton flux suppression by extract-antibiotic combination contributed to reduced bacterial growth rate.

Highlights:

• Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a virulent strain.

• Two clinical samples and 8 food samples tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 phenotypically. All ten isolates were positive for the presence of target genes using PCR

• The results indicate that the prevalence of this organism, especially in beef, is higher than the global average.

Highlights:

• FlhD, PhlA and ShlA genes were detected in 100, 80 and 35% of Serratia (S.) marcescens isolates.

• Majority of isolates were from urinary tract infections (UTIs).

• PCR-based assay was used for detection of virulence genes and genotypic patterns.

• Phylogenetic analysis confirmed genetic diversity among local S. marcescens strains.

• Cryptosporidium spp. infection was detected in 22.7% of tested domestic animal samples.

• Cattle had the highest prevalence (30.16%) compared to sheep and horses.

• Regular monitoring is essential to reduce zoonotic transmission risk in livestock areas.

• Nocardia spp. identification is challenged by slow growth, diversity, and drug resistance.

• Colorimetric and molecular tools like Alamar blue and WGS improve detection accuracy.

• Advanced diagnostics and omics-based methods are urgently needed for reliable identification.