year 19, Issue 2 (March - April 2025)
Iran J Med Microbiol 2025, 19(2): 83-95 |
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Armando A R, Sulistiawati S, Kamaruddin M F, Dwipayana I M A, Rofiqi H I, Saniyah D Z, et al . Protective Effect of Bacillus-Calmette Guerin (BCG) Vaccination in 21st Century: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Iran J Med Microbiol 2025; 19 (2) :83-95
URL: http://ijmm.ir/article-1-2563-en.html
URL: http://ijmm.ir/article-1-2563-en.html
Alivery Raihanada Armando1 
, Sulistiawati Sulistiawati2 , Muhammad Fadhil Kamaruddin3 , I Made Agus Dwipayana3 , Hammam Izza Rofiqi3 , Dini Zulfatus Saniyah3 , Tamma Nisrina Lutfi3 , Maftuhatur Rizkiyah Putri3 , Achmad Iqbal Uswanas4 , Fasha Rudilla Putri3 , Nathania Nathania3 , Muhammad Zulfikar Salim3
, Sulistiawati Sulistiawati2 , Muhammad Fadhil Kamaruddin3 , I Made Agus Dwipayana3 , Hammam Izza Rofiqi3 , Dini Zulfatus Saniyah3 , Tamma Nisrina Lutfi3 , Maftuhatur Rizkiyah Putri3 , Achmad Iqbal Uswanas4 , Fasha Rudilla Putri3 , Nathania Nathania3 , Muhammad Zulfikar Salim3
1- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia , aliveryraihanadaarmando@gmail.com
2- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia & Department of Public Health Science-Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
3- Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
4- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
2- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia & Department of Public Health Science-Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
3- Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
4- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Abstract: (149 Views)
Background and Aim: Tuberculosis remains a global leading cause of death. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), a severe extrapulmonary manifestation caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, represents 1–2% of pediatric TB cases. Despite widespread Bacillus-Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination, its protective efficacy against TBM remains controversial. This meta-analysis evaluates the association between BCG vaccination and TBM incidence in pediatric populations.
Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted across PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for the studies published during January 2014–June 2024. Inclusion criteria followed a predefined PICO framework. A fixed-effect model was employed due to minimal heterogeneity (I² = 0.00%).
Results: In total of 7 studies, 344 children with BCG vaccination history (20.28%) developed TBM, while 1352 (79.72%) did not. In the control group, 281 children (32.01%) developed TBM, and 597 (67.99%) did not. The overall incidence of TBM in the studied population was 24.28%. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for BCG vaccination and TBM incidence was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.38–0.57), suggesting a statistically significant inverse association. Cochran's Q test (Q=3.37, df=6, P=0.76) indicated no significant heterogeneity across studies.
Conclusion: This meta-analysis found a significant inverse association between BCG vaccination and the incidence of TBM in children. These findings support the continued execution of BCG vaccination programs as a potential public health strategy for reducing severe forms of TB.
Type of Study: Meta-analysis Article |
Subject:
Microbial Immunology
Received: 2025/02/27 | Accepted: 2025/06/1 | ePublished: 2025/06/6
Received: 2025/02/27 | Accepted: 2025/06/1 | ePublished: 2025/06/6
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