1. Organization WHO. Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021: accountability for the global health sector strategies 2016-2021: actions for impact: web annex 2: data methods. 2021.
2. Chang M-H. Natural history and clinical management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in children. Hepatol Int. 2008;2(1):28-36. [
DOI:10.1007/s12072-008-9050-9] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
3. Bagheri Amiri F, Mostafavi E, Mirzazadeh A. HIV, HBV and HCV coinfection prevalence in Iran-a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0151946. [
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0151946] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
4. Nassal M. Hepatitis B viruses: reverse transcription a different way. Virus Res. 2008;134(1-2):235-49. [
DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2007.12.024] [
PMID]
5. Newbold JE, Xin H, Tencza M, Sherman G, Dean J, Bowden S, et al. The covalently closed duplex form of the hepadnavirus genome exists in situ as a heterogeneous population of viral minichromosomes. J Virology. 1995;69(6):3350-7. [
DOI:10.1128/jvi.69.6.3350-3357.1995] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
6. Köck J, Rösler C, Zhang J-J, Blum HE, Nassal M, Thoma C. Generation of covalently closed circular DNA of hepatitis B viruses via intracellular recycling is regulated in a virus specific manner. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6(9):e1001082. [
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001082] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
7. Yeh C-T, Liang K-H, Chang M-L, Hsu C-W, Chen Y-C, Lin C-L, et al. Phenotypic and Genotypic Shifts in Hepatitis B Virus in Treatment-Naive Patients, Taiwan, 2008-2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(5):820.
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2305.161894 [
DOI:10.3201/10.3201/eid2305.161894] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
8. Wu YF, Liao X, Liu JP. Sophorus species for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2018(8). [
DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD008957.pub2]
9. Tong S, Revill P. Overview of hepatitis B viral replication and genetic variability. J Hepatol. 2016;64(1):S4-S16. [
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.027] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
10. Xu J, Wu B, Wang J-H, Huang L, Wang D-y, Zhao L, et al. Pre-existing mutations in reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B virus in treatment-naive Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0117429. [
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0117429] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
11. Ono SK, Kato N, Shiratori Y, Kato J, Goto T, Schinazi RF, et al. The polymerase L528M mutation cooperates with nucleotide binding-site mutations, increasing hepatitis B virus replication and drug resistance. J Clin Investig. 2001;107(4):449-55. [
DOI:10.1172/JCI11100] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
12. Lee HJ, Kim SJ, Kweon YO, Park SY, Heo J, Woo HY, et al. Evaluating the efficacy of switching from Lamivudine plus adefovir to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate monotherapy in lamivudine-resistant stable hepatitis B patients. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0190581. [
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0190581] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
13. Rahimyan K, Vaezjalali M, Rostami M, Shokatpour N, Ahmadpour P. Prevalence of YMDD mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis B and renal transplant recipient patients after prolonged using of Lamivudine. Iran J Med Microbiol. 2016;9(4):73-8.
14. Almasi-Hashiani A, Ayubi E, Mansori K, Salehi-Vaziri M, Moradi Y, Gholamaliei B, et al. prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among Iranian high risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2018;11(2):91.
15. Ott J, Stevens G, Groeger J, Wiersma S. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: new estimates of age-specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity. Vaccine. 2012;30(12):2212-9. [
DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.116] [
PMID]
16. Qian F, Qin J, Li D, Ma Z, Zhang H, Jin F, et al. Monitoring of genotypic resistance profile in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving nucleos (t) ide analogues in Huzhou, China. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2016;10(09):996-1002. [
DOI:10.3855/jidc.8020] [
PMID]
17. Zhang Q, Liao Y, Cai B, Li Y, Li L, Zhang J, et al. Incidence of natural resistance mutations in naïve chronic hepatitis B patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;30(2):252-61. [
DOI:10.1111/jgh.12831] [
PMID]
18. Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Ferreira AC, Teixeira R, Andrade JR, Ferreira A, Barros L, et al. HBV carrying drug-resistance mutations in chronically infected treatment-naive patients. Antivir Ther. 2015;20(4):387-95. [
DOI:10.3851/IMP2938] [
PMID]
19. Zhao Y, Wu J, Sun L, Liu G, Li B, Zheng Y, et al. prevalence of mutations in HBV DNA polymerase gene associated with nucleos (t) ide resistance in treatment-naive patients with Chronic Hepatitis B in Central China. Braz J Infect Dis. 2016;20 (2):173-8. [
DOI:10.1016/j.bjid.2015.12.006] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
20. Günther S, Fischer L, Pult I, Sterneck M, Will H. Naturally occurring variants of hepatitis B virus. Advances in virus research. 52: Elsevier; 1999. p.25-137. [
DOI:10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60298-5]
21. Locarnini S, Zoulim F. Molecular genetics of HBV infection. Antivir Ther. 2010;15(Suppl 3):3-14. [
DOI:10.3851/IMP1619] [
PMID]
22. Zhang X, Liu C, Gong Q, Zhang S, Zhang D, Lu Z, et al. Evolution of wild type and mutants of the YMDD motif of hepatitis B virus polymerase during lamivudine therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;18(12):1353-7. [
DOI:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2003.03176.x] [
PMID]
23. Paik YH, Chung HY, Ryu WS, Lee KS, Lee JS, Kim JH, et al. Emergence of YMDD motif mutant of hepatitis B virus during short-term lamivudine therapy in South Korea. J Hepatol. 2001;35(1): 92-8. [
DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(01)00065-4]
24. Tan Y, Ding K, Su J, Trinh X, Peng Z, Gong Y, et al. The naturally occurring YMDD mutation among patients chronically infected HBV and untreated with Lamivudine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e32789. [
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0032789] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
25. Ziaee M, Javanmard D, Sharifzadeh G, Namaei MH, Azarkar G. Genotyping and mutation pattern in the overlapping MHR region of HBV isolates in Southern Khorasan, Eastern Iran. Hepat Mon. 2016;16(10). [
DOI:10.5812/hepatmon.37806]
26. Zhao Y, Wu J, Sun L, Liu G, Li B, Zheng Y, et al. prevalence of mutations in HBV DNA polymerase gene associated with nucleos (t) ide resistance in treatment-naive patients with Chronic Hepatitis B in Central China. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2016;20(2):173-8. [
DOI:10.1016/j.bjid.2015.12.006] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
27. Yuen LK, Locarnini SA. Genetic variability of hepatitis B virus and response to antiviral treatments: searching for a bigger picture. J Hepatol. 2009;50(3):445-8. [
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2008.12.005] [
PMID]
28. Zoulim F, Locarnini S. Hepatitis B virus resistance to nucleos (t) ide analogues. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(5):1593-608. e2. [
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.063] [
PMID]
29. Hamidi-Fard M, Makvandi M, Samarbaf-Zadeh A, Hajiani E, Shayesteh A, Masjedizadeh A. Mutation analysis of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase region among untreated chronically infected patients in Ahvaz city (South-West of Iran). Indian J Med Microbiol. 2013;31(4):360. [
DOI:10.4103/0255-0857.118882] [
PMID]
30. Afshar RM, Mollaie HR. Use of ALLGIO probe assays for detection of HBV resistance to adefovir in patients with chronic hepatitis B, Kerman, Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(11):5463-7. [
DOI:10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.11.5463] [
PMID]
31. Khadem Ansari M, Rasmi Y, Abbasi L. Hepatitis B virus Genotypes in West Azarbayjan Province, Northwest Iran. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2017;5(7):875-879. [
DOI:10.3889/oamjms.2017.206] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
32. Alavian S-M, Keyvani H, Rezaei M, Ashayeri N, Sadeghi HM. Preliminary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(32):5211.
33. Mojiri A, Behzad-Behbahani A, Saberifirozi M, Ardabili M, Beheshti M, Rahsaz M, et al. Hepatitis B virus genotypes in southwest Iran: molecular, serological and clinical outcomes. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14(10):1510. [
DOI:10.3748/wjg.14.1510] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
34. Haghshenas MR, Arabi M, Mousavi T. Hepatitis B genotypes in iran. Mater Socio Med. 2014;26 (2):129. [
DOI:10.5455/msm.2014.26.129-133] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
35. Croagh CM, Desmond PV, Bell SJ. Genotypes and viral variants in chronic hepatitis B: A review of epidemiology and clinical relevance. World J Hepatol. 2015;7(3):289. [
DOI:10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.289] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
36. Clarke B, Bloor S. Molecular genotyping of hepatitis B virus. J Clin Virol. 2002;25:41-5. [
DOI:10.1016/S1386-6532(02)00193-2]
37. Dokanehiifard S, Bidmeshkipour A. Study of hepatitis b virus (hbv) genotypes in kermanshah province, west of Iran. J Biol Sci. 2009;1(1):113-20.
38. Neisi N, Makvandi M, Samarbaf Zadeh AR. A study on genotypes of hepatitis B virus among hemodialysis patients in Khuzestan province. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2011;4(2):65-70.