Medical Function of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles

Ebrahimi Vargoorani, Maryam; Modarressi, Mohammad Hossein; Sheikhpour, Mojgan; Siadat, Seyed Davar

doi:10.30699/ijmm.12.3.140

year 12, Issue 3 (July - August 2018) Iran J Med Microbiol 2018, 12(3): 140-159 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 10.30699/ijmm.12.3.140

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Ebrahimi Vargoorani M, Modarressi M H, Sheikhpour M, Siadat S D. Medical Function of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles. Iran J Med Microbiol 2018; 12 (3) :140-159
URL: http://ijmm.ir/article-1-785-en.html

Medical Function of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles

Maryam Ebrahimi Vargoorani¹

, Mohammad Hossein Modarressi²

, Mojgan Sheikhpour³

, Seyed Davar Siadat

⁴

1- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
4- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran , d.siadat@gmail.com

Abstract: (10419 Views)

Extracellular vesicles are nanoscale particles which were identified about fifty years ago. The studies have shown that all of the gram-negative bacteria secrete extracellular vesicles during their normal growth. Today, the production of membrane vesicles has been reported by gram-positive bacteria, parasites, fungi, and mycobacteria. Since these nanoscale particles carry many of the bacterial components such as DNA, RNA, protein, endotoxin, and virulence molecules, they play a very important role in interacting with the environment and other bacteria. For this reason, many of these vesicles are considered as the transmission of pathogens, antigenic protein compounds, and the development of non-cellular vaccines, as well as drug delivery agents. The studies, have been carried in this field so far, have been focused on the pathogenic and physiological roles of these nanostructures in cross-species relationships. The focus of this article is on the role of extracellular bacterial vesicles and pathological and physiological functions which contribute to the interactions between bacteria and bacterium-host. Since these nanostructures play significant role in pathogenesis, gene transduction, regulation of gene expression, immune response regulation, and cellular signaling, further studies are needed on the medical application of these nanostructures as a new generation of vaccines, adjuvants, drug delivery agents.

Keywords: Extracellular vesicles, Adjuvants, Vaccine, Bacterium, Medical application

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Type of Study: Review Article | Subject: Medical Bacteriology
Received: 2017/11/13 | Accepted: 2018/07/15 | ePublished: 2018/08/15