Identification of Streptomycin Resistance Gene Among Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Hospitals of Tehran by PCR

Sajjadi, Nikta; Piranfar, Vahhab; Mirnejad, Reza

year 10, Issue 6 (January - February 2017) Iran J Med Microbiol 2017, 10(6): 60-65 | Back to browse issues page

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Sajjadi N, Piranfar V, Mirnejad R. Identification of Streptomycin Resistance Gene Among Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Hospitals of Tehran by PCR. Iran J Med Microbiol 2017; 10 (6) :60-65
URL: http://ijmm.ir/article-1-687-en.html

Identification of Streptomycin Resistance Gene Among Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Hospitals of Tehran by PCR

Nikta Sajjadi¹

, Vahhab Piranfar²

, Reza Mirnejad

1- Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
2- Farname Inc, NORTH YORK, ONTARIO, Canada
3- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , rmirnejad@bmsu.ac.ir

Abstract: (8469 Views)

Background and Aim: Enterococci are normal flora and present in the intestinal tract of humans and many mammals. Today, the increasing prevalence of resistant enterococci to aminoglycosides is a major problem in hospitals around the world. In Enterococci, aph (3 ') - IIIa gene plays a major role in the emergence of resistance to streptomycin. The aim of this study was to identify this gene in enterococci isolated from patients using PCR method in Tehran.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 350 clinical samples were collected from Milad, Imam Khomeini, and Baghiyatallah hospitals during the years 2015-2014. Enterococcus species were identified based on specific biochemical tests and culture. Then, disk diffusion method was performed according to CLSI guidelines to determine the drug resistance of Enterococcus isolates to different antibiotics. The following primer to streptomycin resistance genes, aph (3 ') - IIIa was used in the PCR method.

Results: Among the 150 samples, 87 samples (58%) were reported as Enterococcus faecalis, and 63 (42%) as Enterococcus faecium. In Antibiotic test, strains showed high resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin whereas the least resistance was observed to chloramphenicol and vancomycin, respectively. The high resistance to Streptomycin was in 22.2% strains which included aph (3') -IIIa gene.

Conclusions: The results of this study can be concluded that the presence of aph (3') -IIIa gene is the main cause of antibiotic resistance to streptomycin in Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis strains that is growing gradually in the hospitals in Tehran. Therefore, early detection of this type of resistance with the PCR method could be the best way to prevent the spread of infections caused by this bacterium.

Keywords: Streptomycin, Enterococcus, PCR, Resistance Gene

Full-Text [PDF 778 kb] (2246 Downloads)

Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Antibiotic Resistance
Received: 2017/04/7 | Accepted: 2017/04/7 | ePublished: 2017/04/7

References

1. Masoumi Zavaryani S, Mirnejd R, Zareh S, Piranfar V, Bagheri Bejestani O. Identification of Enterococci faecalis&E. faeaciumpathogens viaTehran hospitals clinical samples by phenotypic and genotypic methods and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility in 2016. Pars of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. 2016;14(3):48-54. [Article]

2. Arias CA, Murray BE. The rise of the Enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012;10(4):266-278. [PubMed]

3. Davies J, Davies D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2010;74(3):417-433. [PubMed]

4. Khani M, Fatollahzade M, Pajavand H, Bakhtiari S, Abiri R. Increasing Prevalence of Aminoglycoside-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolates Due to the aac(6')-aph(2 [PubMed]

5. Qu TT, Zhang Y, Yu YS, Chen YG, Wei ZQ, Li LJ. [Genotypes of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme and clinical study of high-level gentamycin resistant enterococcus]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2006;35(1):76-82. [PubMed]

6. Agudelo Higuita NI, Huycke MM. Enterococcal Disease, Epidemiology, and Implications for Treatment. In: Gilmore MS, Clewell DB, Ike Y, Shankar N, editors. Enterococci: From Commensals to Leading Causes of Drug Resistant Infection. Boston2014. [PubMed]

7. Alotaibi FE, Bukhari EE. Emergence of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci at a Teaching Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Chin Med J (Engl). 2017;130(3):340-346. [PubMed]

8. Guzman Prieto AM, van Schaik W, Rogers MR, Coque TM, Baquero F, Corander J, et al. Global Emergence and Dissemination of Enterococci as Nosocomial Pathogens: Attack of the Clones? Front Microbiol. 2016;7:788. [PubMed]

9. Gawryszewska I, Zabicka D, Bojarska K, Malinowska K, Hryniewicz W, Sadowy E. Invasive enterococcal infections in Poland: the current epidemiological situation. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;35(5):847-856. [PubMed]

10. Khalifa L, Shlezinger M, Beyth S, Houri-Haddad Y, Coppenhagen-Glazer S, Beyth N, et al. Phage therapy against Enterococcus faecalis in dental root canals. J Oral Microbiol. 2016;8:32157. [PubMed]

11. Marcus G, Levy S, Salhab G, Mengesha B, Tzuman O, Shur S, et al. Intra-abdominal Infections: The Role of Anaerobes, Enterococci, Fungi, and Multidrug-Resistant Organisms. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016;3(4):ofw232. [PubMed]

12. Arabestani MR, Nasaj M, Mousavi SM. Correlation between Infective Factors and Antibiotic Resistance in Enterococci Clinical Isolates in West of Iran. Chonnam Med J. 2017;53(1):56-63. [PubMed]

13. Farahani A. State of Globe: Enterococci: Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation. J Glob Infect Dis. 2016;8(1):1-2. [PubMed]

14. O'Driscoll T, Crank CW. Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and optimal management. Infect Drug Resist. 2015;8:217-230. [PubMed]

15. Rau G, Seedor JA, Shah MK, Ritterband DC, Koplin RS. Incidence and clinical characteristics of enterococcus keratitis. Cornea. 2008;27(8):895-899. [PubMed]

16. Lebreton F, van Schaik W, McGuire AM, Godfrey P, Griggs A, Mazumdar V, et al. Emergence of epidemic multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium from animal and commensal strains. MBio. 2013;4(4). [Article]

17. Miller WR, Munita JM, Arias CA. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in enterococci. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2014;12(10):1221-1236. [PubMed]

18. Hidano A, Yamamoto T, Hayama Y, Muroga N, Kobayashi S, Nishida T, et al. Unraveling antimicrobial resistance genes and phenotype patterns among Enterococcus faecalis isolated from retail chicken products in Japan. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0121189. [Article]

19. Samadi N, Pakzad I, Monadi Sefidan A, Hosainzadegan H, Tanomand A. Study of aminoglycoside resistance genes in enterococcus and salmonella strains isolated from ilam and milad hospitals, iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2015;8(4):e18102. [PubMed]

20. Launay A, Ballard SA, Johnson PD, Grayson ML, Lambert T. Transfer of vancomycin resistance transposon Tn1549 from Clostridium symbiosum to Enterococcus spp. in the gut of gnotobiotic mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(3):1054-1062. [PubMed]

21. Kristich CJ, Rice LB, Arias CA. Enterococcal Infection-Treatment and Antibiotic Resistance. In: Gilmore MS, Clewell DB, Ike Y, Shankar N, editors. Enterococci: From Commensals to Leading Causes of Drug Resistant Infection. Boston2014. [PubMed]

22. Rahimi F, Talebi M, Saifi M, Pourshafie MR. Distribution of enterococcal species and detection of vancomycin resistance genes by multiplex PCR in Tehran sewage. Iran Biomed J. 2007;11(3):161-167. [PubMed]

23. Dadfarma N, Imani Fooladi AA, Oskoui M, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H. High level of gentamicin resistance (HLGR) among enterococcus strains isolated from clinical specimens. J Infect Public Health. 2013;6(3):202-208. [Article]

24. Mohammadi F, Tabaraie B, Davudian E, Maleki A, Maleknia S, Sadeghi fard N, et al. Evaluation of drug resistance frequency among Entrococcus faecium and Entrococcus faecalis strains and detection of vanA/B genes in vancomycin resistance isolated by PCR method in Ilam and Kermanshah hospitals. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2011;5(1):14-18. [Article]

25. Ghaffarpasand I, Moniri R, Kheradi E, Tehrani MD. Antibiotic resistance in fecal enterococci in hospitalized patients. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2010;53(4):898-899. [PubMed]

26. Nasaj M, Mousavi SM, Hosseini SM, Arabestani MR. Prevalence of Virulence Factors and Vancomycin-resistant Genes among Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium Isolated from Clinical Specimens. Iran J Public Health. 2016;45(6):806-813. [PubMed]

27. Padmasini E, Padmaraj R, Ramesh SS. High level aminoglycoside resistance and distribution of aminoglycoside resistant genes among clinical isolates of Enterococcus species in Chennai, India. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:329157. [Article]

28. Sanchez-Diaz AM, Cuartero C, Rodriguez JD, Lozano S, Alonso JM, Rodriguez-Dominguez M, et al. The rise of ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium high-risk clones as a frequent intestinal colonizer in oncohaematological neutropenic patients on levofloxacin prophylaxis: a risk for bacteraemia? Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(1):59 e51-58. [PubMed]

29. Abamecha A, Wondafrash B, Abdissa A. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species isolated from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in Jimma, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:213. [Article]