year 16, Issue 4 (July - August 2022)                   Iran J Med Microbiol 2022, 16(4): 363-367 | Back to browse issues page


XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Mahdi Jabir D. Bacterial Infections associated with COVID-19 and the effect of using many common antibiotics in the treatment these infections. Iran J Med Microbiol 2022; 16 (4) :363-367
URL: http://ijmm.ir/article-1-1661-en.html
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq , dhuha.mahdijabir@qu.edu.iq
Abstract:   (2868 Views)

Background and Objective: Undetected coinfections in COVID-19 patients may have serious clinical consequences, including increased hospitalization and mortality. The current study was conducted on 455 patients diagnosed with the new epidemic coronavirus disease who were admitted to quarantine halls in Diwaniyah in Iraq for one month, from February 2021 to March 2021. The aim of the study was to investigate secondary bacterial infections associated with the virus and the effect of using some commonly used antibiotics such as azithromycin, Beta-lactam, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone.
Methods: Sputum samples were collected from all patients who tested positive for COVID-19 (Real-Time PCR) seven days after confirming the infection with the virus. The samples were streaked on a group of culture media, then transferred to pure cultures and diagnosed, and their sensitivity to antibiotics was determined using the Vitek -2 compact system technique.
Results: According to the findings, the two strains of methicillin-resistant and Staphylococcus aureus sensitive were the most common isolated species with a percentage of 85%, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 78%, in addition to Streptococcus pneumonia 60%, Acinetobacter baumannii 64%, and Legionella pneumophila 60%. Also, many fungi were observed. Most isolated strains were resistant to antibiotics used in the study.
Conclusion: The study concluded that these antibiotics have no role in treating the infection. Still, it may contribute to the emergence of new, multi-drug resistant MDR species, resulting in increased mortality rates. Also, excessive use of antibiotics may lead to increased mortality.

Full-Text [PDF 1284 kb]   (539 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (704 Views)  
Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Medical Bacteriology
Received: 2022/02/6 | Accepted: 2022/03/17 | ePublished: 2022/05/25

References
1. COVID-19 situation report-73. World Health Organization website. (2020)
2. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3]
3. Chertow DS, Memoli MJ. Bacterial coinfection in influenza: a grand rounds review. Jama. 2013;309(3):275-82. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2012.194139] [PMID]
4. MacIntyre CR, Chughtai AA, Barnes M, Ridda I, Seale H, Toms R, et al. The role of pneumonia and secondary bacterial infection in fatal and serious outcomes of pandemic influenza a (H1N1) pdm09. BMC Infecti Dis. 2018;18(1):1-20. [DOI:10.1186/s12879-018-3548-0] [PMID] [PMCID]
5. Zheng Z, Chen R, Li Y, Liu X, He W, Xu Y, et al. The clinical characteristics of secondary infections of lower respiratory tract in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Chin J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;2(5):270-4.
6. Rijnders BJ, Schauwvlieghe AF, Wauters J. Influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: a local or global lethal combination?. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. [DOI:10.1093/cid/ciaa010] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.
8. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Liu H, Wu Y, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(5):475-81. [DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5]
9. National Institutes of Health. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines. 2020.
10. Karampela I, Dalamaga M. Could respiratory fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, prove to be beneficial as an adjunct treatment in COVID-19?. Arch Med Res. 2020;51(7):741-2.
11. Novy E, Scala-Bertola J, Roger C, Guerci P. Preliminary therapeutic drug monitoring data of β-lactams in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2020;39(3):387-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.accpm.2020.04.005] [PMID] [PMCID]
12. Pani A, Lauriola M, Romandini A, Scaglione F. Macrolides and viral infections: focus on azithromycin in COVID-19 pathology. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;56(2):106053. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106053] [PMID] [PMCID]
13. Min JY, Jang YJ. Macrolide therapy in respiratory viral infections. Mediators of inflamm. 2012;2012. [DOI:10.1155/2012/649570] [PMID] [PMCID]
14. Ohe M, Shida H, Jodo S, Kusunoki Y, Seki M, Furuya K, et al. Macrolide treatment for COVID-19: Will this be the way forward?. Biosci Trends. 2020. [DOI:10.5582/bst.2020.03058] [PMID]
15. Bosseboeuf E, Aubry M, Nhan T, De Pina JJ, Rolain JM, Raoult D, et al. Azithromycin inhibits the replication of Zika virus. J Antivir Antiretrovir. 2018;10(1):6-11. [DOI:10.4172/1948-5964.1000173]
16. Wang M, Wei H, Zhao Y, Shang L, Di L, Lyu C, et al. Analysis of multidrug-resistant bacteria in 3223 patients with hospital-acquired infections (HAI) from a tertiary general hospital in China. Bosnian J Basic Med Sci. 2019;19(1):86. [DOI:10.17305/bjbms.2018.3826] [PMID] [PMCID]
17. Langford BJ, So M, Raybardhan S, Leung V, Westwood D, MacFadden DR, et al. Bacterial coinfection and secondary infection in patients with COVID-19: a living rapid review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 ;26(12):1622-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.016] [PMID] [PMCID]
18. Castilho SR, Godoy CS, Guilarde AO, Cardoso JL, André MC, Junqueira-Kipnis AP, et al. Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients in intensive care units in Goiânia, Brazil: Molecular and drug susceptibility profiles. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0176790. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0176790] [PMID] [PMCID]
19. Munita JM, Arias CA. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(2):4-2. [DOI:10.1128/microbiolspec.VMBF-0016-2015] [PMID] [PMCID]
20. Manchanda V, Sanchaita S, Singh NP. Multidrug resistant acinetobacter. J Glob Infect Dis. 2010;2(3):291. [DOI:10.4103/0974-777X.68538] [PMID] [PMCID]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb | Publisher: Farname Inc