fa بررسی وضعیت آلودگی منابع آب به لژیونلا در ایران و سایر کشورها و عوامل مؤثر بر آن؛ مرور نظام مند باکتری شناسی پزشکی Medical Bacteriology مقاله مروری Systematic Review <p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>زمینه و هدف:</strong> مطالعات متعدد آلودگی منابع آب &nbsp;طبیعی و مصنوعی را به باکتری <em>لژیونلا</em> بررسی کرده است. هدف این پژوهش، مرور نظام&shy; مند وضعیت آلودگی منابع آب طبیعی و مصنوعی به باکتری <em>لژیونلا</em> در ایران و جهان می باشد.</p> <p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>مواد و روش ها: </strong>در این مطالعه جستجوی نظام&shy; مند مقالات در منابع الکترونیکی معتبر <span dir="LTR">PubMed</span>، <span dir="LTR">ScinceDirect</span>،&nbsp;<span dir="LTR">Springerlink </span>&nbsp;و <span dir="LTR">Google Scholar</span>، <span dir="LTR">SID</span>،<span dir="LTR">Iranmedex </span>،<span dir="LTR"> Irandoc</span> و <span dir="LTR">Magiran</span> بدون محدویت زمانی صورت گرفت. بررسی و انتخاب مقالات بر اساس چک لیست <span dir="LTR">PRISMA</span> و استانداردهای ارزیابی کیفیت <span dir="LTR">Cochrane</span> انجام شد. از میان 1386 مقاله یافت شده تعداد 56 مطالعه مرتبط انتخاب شدند. مقالاتی که شناسائی و جداسازی گونه&shy;های <em>لژیونلا</em> را با روش کشت و واکنش&shy; های زنجیره &shy;ای پلی &shy;مراز انجام داده بودند وارد مطالعه شدند. اطلاعات استخراج شده در یک جدول طبقه&shy;بندی و آنالیز داده&shy;ها و رسم نمودارها با نرم افزار <span dir="LTR">Excel</span> انجام شد.</p> <p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>یافته&shy; ها:</strong> از 56 مقاله انتخاب شده به ترتیب 9 و 47 مقاله به مطالعات انجام شده در ایران و سایر کشورها مربوط بود. در ایران 70%-7/5% از نمونه&shy; ها به <em>لژیونلا</em> آلوده است. در مراکز بیمارستانی ایران 41/75%-2/85% نمونه&shy; ها به <em>لژیونلا پنوموفیلا</em> آلوده و در سایر کشورها 100-0% نمونه&shy; ها آلوده است. در مراکز بیمارستانی سایر کشورها 98/7-17% نمونه&shy; ها به <em>لژیونلا پنوموفیلا</em> آلوده هستند.</p> <p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>نتیجه&shy; گیری: </strong>هر چند در ایران آلودگی به <em>لژیونلا</em> کمتر از سایر کشورها است اما براساس استاندارد سازمان جهانی بهداشت (<span dir="LTR">CFU/l</span> 1) در مورد باکتری <em>لژیونلا</em>برنامه &shy;ریزی برای کنترل و عفونت&shy; های ناشی از آن از مهم&shy;ترین اولویت&shy; های بهداشتی است.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background and Aims:</strong> Several studies were investigated legionella contamination in natural and man- made water resources. The aim of this research was systematically review of legionella water contamination in natural and man-made resources in Iran and foreign countries. Materials and methods: In this systematic review study, the required data was collected using suitable keywords through PubMed, Science direct, Springer link, Google scholar, SID, Iranmedex, Irandoc and Magiran databases.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background and Aim:</strong> Several studies were investigated <em>legionella</em> contamination in natural and man- made water resources. The aim of this research was systematically review of <em>legionella</em> water contamination in natural and man-made resources.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>:&nbsp;In this systematic review study, the required data was collected using suitable keywords through PubMed, Science direct, Springer link, Google scholar, SID, Iranmedex, Irandoc and Magiran databases. The search was conducted without publication date limitation. Survey and selection of articles was conducted based on PRISMA checklist and Cochrane quality assessment standards. Out of 1386 articles, 56 articles were considered after excluding the remaining articles which were not related to the study objectives. Identification and isolation of <em>legionella</em> with PCR technique and culture in BCYE is one of the article selection criteria. The relevant data were classified in extracted table and analyzed manually. Excel 2007 software was used for to draw diagrams. Due to heterogeneity of data meta-analysis could not be conducted.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 56 articles, 9 and 47 articles were published in Iran and foreign countries respectively. In Iran, 5.7-70% of samples were contaminated. In Iran&rsquo;s hospitals 2.85-41.75% of samples were contaminated by <em>Legionella pneumophila</em>. In foreign countries, 0-100% of samples were contaminated and in these countries&rsquo; hospitals <em>Legionella pneumophila</em> contamination was 17%-98.7%.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although in Iran legionella water contamination is lower than foreign countries but, based on WHO guideline (1CFU/L) for <em>legionella</em>, planning for control of this bacteria and relevance infectious is one of the health priorities.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The search was conducted without publication date limitation. Survey and selection of articles was conducted based on PRISMA checklist and Cochrane quality assessment standards. Out of 1386 articles, 56 articles were considered after excluding the remaining articles which were not related to the study objectives. Identification and isolation of legionella with PCR technique and culture in BCYE is one of the article selection criteria. The relevant data were classified in extracted table and analyzed manually. Excel 2007 software was used for to draw diagrams. Due to heterogeneity of data meta-analysis could not be conducted. Results: Out of 56 articles, 9 and 47 articles were published in Iran and foreign countries respectively. In Iran, 5.7 - 70% of samples were contaminated. In Iran&rsquo;s hospitals 2.85-41. 75% of samples were contaminated by Legionella pneumophila. In foreign countries, 0-100% of samples were contaminated and in these countries&rsquo; hospitals Legionella pneumophila contamination was 17%-98. 7%.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>C</strong><span style="line-height: 1.6em;"><strong>onclusion:</strong> The results of this study revealed that the conventional water treatment processes were not effective for legionella elimination and eradication of this agent should be considered in point off-use with effective techniques.</span></p> کلمات کلیدی: آب , لژیونلا , ایران , مرور نظام‌مند Water, Legionella, Iran, Systematic Review 1 15 http://ijmm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-116-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Ghader Ghanizadeh قادر غنی زاده qanizadeh@yahoo.com 100319475328460013721 100319475328460013721 Yes Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت نظامی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه ا... (عج)، تهران، ایران Ali Mirmohammadlou علی میرمحمدلو 100319475328460013722 100319475328460013722 No Health school, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه ا... (عج)، تهران، ایران Davoud Esmaeili داوود اسماعیلی esm114@gmail.com 100319475328460013723 100319475328460013723 No Medicine Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه ا... (عج)، تهران، ایران