en ایمنولوژی میکروبی Microbial Immunology مقاله متا آنالیز Meta-analysis Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b><span style="background:#1f497d"><span style="color:white"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Background and Aim:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN-ID">Tuberculosis remains a global leading cause of death. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), a severe extrapulmonary manifestation caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection, represents 1&ndash;2% of pediatric TB cases. Despite widespread </span>Bacillus-Calmette Guerin<span lang="EN-ID"> (BCG) vaccination, its protective efficacy against TBM remains controversial. This meta-analysis evaluates the association between BCG vaccination and TBM incidence in pediatric populations</span>.<br> <b><span style="background:#1f497d"><span style="color:white"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Materials and Methods:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN-ID">A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted across PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for the studies published during January 2014&ndash;June 2024. Inclusion criteria followed a predefined PICO framework. A fixed-effect model was employed due to minimal heterogeneity (I&sup2; = 0.00%)</span>.<span style="color:black"> </span><br> <b><span style="background:#1f497d"><span style="color:white"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Results:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN-ID">In total of 7 studies, 344 children with BCG vaccination history (20.28%) developed TBM, while 1352 (79.72%) did not. In the control group, 281 children (32.01%) developed TBM, and 597 (67.99%) did not. The overall incidence of TBM in the studied population was 24.28%. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for BCG vaccination and TBM incidence was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.38&ndash;0.57), suggesting a statistically significant inverse association. Cochran&#39;s Q test (Q=3.37, df=6, <i>P</i>=0.76) indicated no significant heterogeneity across studies</span>.<br> <b><span style="background:#1f497d"><span style="color:white"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN-ID">This meta-analysis found a significant inverse association between BCG vaccination and the incidence of TBM<i> </i>in children. These findings support the continued execution of BCG vaccination programs as a potential public health strategy for reducing severe forms of TB</span>.</span></span></p> Children, Meningitis, Meta-analysis, Tuberculosis, Vaccines 83 95 http://ijmm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2724-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Alivery Raihanada Armando aliveryraihanadaarmando@gmail.com 100319475328460031740 100319475328460031740 Yes Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Sulistiawati Sulistiawati sulistwt@hotmail.com 100319475328460031741 100319475328460031741 No Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Muhammad Fadhil Kamaruddin work.fadhildz@gmail.com 100319475328460031742 0009-0000-4511-9943 No Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia I Made Agus Dwipayana agus.dwipayanaa@gmail.com 100319475328460031743 0009-0002-2922-4051 No Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia Hammam Izza Rofiqi hammamkuroba@gmail.com 100319475328460031744 0009-0003-9517-9137 No Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia Dini Zulfatus Saniyah dinizulfa2000@gmail.com 100319475328460031745 0009-0000-3414-5716 No Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia Tamma Nisrina Lutfi tammanisrinalutfi49@gmail.com 100319475328460031746 0009-0008-2240-7983 No Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia Maftuhatur Rizkiyah Putri rizkiyah0212@gmail.com 100319475328460031747 100319475328460031747 No Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia Achmad Iqbal Uswanas achmadiqbaluswanas27@gmail.com 100319475328460031748 0009-0004-2988-8936 No Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Fasha Rudilla Putri dindarudilla@gmail.com 100319475328460031749 0009-0006-4123-1018 No Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia Nathania Nathania nathania-2023@fk.unair.ac.id 100319475328460031750 0009-0005-9523-7768 No Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia Muhammad Zulfikar Salim Zulfikarsalim70@gmail.com 100319475328460031751 0009-0004-9107-5127 No Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia