en مقاومت پادزیستی (آنتی بیوتیکی) Antibiotic Resistance مقاله کوتاه پژوهشی Brief Original Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b><span style="background:#1f497d"><span style="color:white"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Background and Aim:</span></span></span></b><span lang="EN-ID">&nbsp;Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a severe infection occurring in mechanically ventilated ICU patients with <em>Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa </em>being the leading etiology. This pathogen frequently develops resistance to multiple antibiotics through biofilm formation. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the association between <em>in-vitro </em>biofilm production and antimicrobial susceptibility of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> in the planktonic state.</span><br> <b><span style="background:#1f497d"><span style="color:white"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Materials and Methods:</span></span></span></b>&nbsp;This pilot study analyzed seven <em>P. aeruginosa</em> strains isolated from endotracheal aspirates of VAP patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia using Gram staining, oxidase testing, and VITEK&reg; 2 system. Biofilm production was assessed via crystal violet staining, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution method. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test using GraphPad Prism 9 software.&nbsp;<br> <b><span style="background:#1f497d"><span style="color:white"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Results & Conclusion:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN-ID">Significant differences were observed in biofilm production and antimicrobial susceptibility of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates from VAP patients against ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, aztreonam, levofloxacin, and piperacillin. Strong biofilm producers showed higher resistance, especially to ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and piperacillin, while weak biofilm producers had minimal resistance, except to ciprofloxacin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and levofloxacin. Colistin showed the MIC values of &le;2 &micro;g/mL against all isolates. Our findings indicated biofilm formation as a critical factor influencing resistance, emphasizing the need to consider biofilm-producing capacity when selecting treatment strategies for VAP caused by <em>P. aeruginosa</em>.</span></span></span></p> Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm, Indonesia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ventilator-associated Pneumonia 210 219 http://ijmm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2719-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohammad Subkhan mohammad.subkhan-2019@fk.unair.ac.id 100319475328460032394 100319475328460032394 No Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Sukardiman Sukardiman sukardiman@ff.unair.ac.id 100319475328460032395 100319475328460032395 Yes Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Isnin Anang Marhana isnin.anang@fk.unair.ac.id 100319475328460032396 100319475328460032396 No Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Putu Bagus Dharma Permana putu.bagus.dharma-203@fk.unair.ac.id 100319475328460032397 100319475328460032397 No Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Laily Irfana laily.fana-2023@fk.unair.ac.id 100319475328460032398 100319475328460032398 No Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia