en باکتری شناسی پزشکی Medical Bacteriology مقاله پژوهشی Original Research Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ffffff;"><b><span style="background:#1f497d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Background and Aim:</span></span></b></span> Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common condition affecting women of reproductive age, including pregnant women. It involves a disruption of the microbial balance in the vaginal environment, which can lead to undesirable outcomes such as preterm birth. This study aimed to assess the incidence of BV and its relationship with preterm delivery among pregnant women visiting Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran, Iran.<br> <span style="color:#ffffff;"><b><span style="background:#1f497d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Materials and Methods:</span></span></b></span> A cohort study was conducted between September 2022 and April 2023, involving pregnant women who underwent vaginal swab sampling for BV. Diagnosis of BV was made using Amsel&#39;s criteria. Real-time PCR was employed to detect the presence of <i>Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Prevotella bivia, and Lactobacillus crispatus.</i> Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8.4.3.<br> <span style="color:#ffffff;"><b><span style="background:#1f497d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Results:</span></span></b></span> Out of the 55 pregnant women who participated in the study, 20 were found to be positive for BV. In our study of pregnant women, we found that the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis is 36.36% based on the Amsel criteria.<br> <span style="color:#ffffff;"><b><span style="background:#1f497d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Conclusion:</span></span></b></span> Our results highlight significant correlations between the levels of&nbsp; <i>G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, P. bivia, and L. crispatus</i> and the clinical signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis in this population. However, no significant differences were observed in the levels of studied bacteria in the lower genital tract of patients who experienced preterm delivery compared to those who delivered at term.</span></span></p> Bacterial Vaginosis, Preterm Birth, Dysbiosis, Risk Factor, Pregnant Women 50 61 http://ijmm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2697-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Parisa Rahimi p.rahimi076@gmail.com 100319475328460031173 100319475328460031173 No Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shirin Dashtbin shirindashti28@yahoo.com 100319475328460031174 100319475328460031174 No Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Kashanian Maryamkashanian@yahoo.com 100319475328460031175 100319475328460031175 No Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ُShiva Mirkalantari sh_mirkalantari@yahoo.com 100319475328460031176 100319475328460031176 No Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nooshin Eshraghi Eshraghinasim45@yahoo.com 100319475328460031177 100319475328460031177 No Department of Obestrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Faramarz Masjedian Jazi masjedian.f@iums.ac.ir 100319475328460031178 100319475328460031178 Yes Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran