fa نقش و اهمیت دست پرسنل و سطوح کم تماس و پرتماس بیمارستان در شکل گیری و کنترل عفونتهای بیمارستانی باکتری شناسی پزشکی Medical Bacteriology مقاله پژوهشی Original Research Article <div align="justify" style="direction: rtl"> <b>زمینه و اهداف:</b> ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎی اﮐﺘﺴﺎﺑﯽ در ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﯽ اﻃﻼق ﻣﯿﺸﻮد ﮐﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺴﺘﺮی ﺷﺪن در‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد، ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮش در ﺑﯿﻤﺎر وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد و در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮐﻤﻮن ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﻤﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎی ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻀﻼت ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯿﮕﺮدﻧﺪ. در ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫و ﺑﯿﻤﺎراﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮای ﮐﺴﺐ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺣﻀﻮر دارﻧﺪ و ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ اورﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﻤﺎری زا، ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ای ﺑﺮای اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران و ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ. دﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ و ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن در اﯾﺠﺎد و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎی ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﯽ‬ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.‬ ‫<br><b>روش ﮐﺎر:</b> ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ دﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ و ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن در ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎی ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ، از ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ‪،Pubmed‬‬ ‫‪ Elsevier Science‬و ‪ Yahoo‬از ﺳﺎل 1995 ﺗﺎ 2001 اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮای اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر ﮐﻠﻤﺎت ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن، دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ، ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ واژه ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ <br> ‫<b>بافته ها:</b> در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ دﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ و ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن در ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎی ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ، در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ و‬ ‫ﻣﺮوری ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، اﺗﻔﺎق ﻧﻈﺮ وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﻬﺎ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺰﺑﻮر ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﻬﺎ در ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎی ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯿﮕﺮدد.‬ ‫<b>ﺑﺤﺚ:</b> ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ای ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاری ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﻬﺎی ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﯾﺰا ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯿﺸﻮﻧﺪ و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻮﺛﺮی‬ ‫در ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﻌﻬﺪه دارﻧﺪ، ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﻬﺎی ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح از ﺗﻮان اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻣﺤﺪودی ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و در ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫وﺟﻮد ﯾﮏ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل دﻫﻨﺪه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﯿﮕﺮدﻧﺪ. دﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻤﺎس را ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﻮﯾﮋه ﺳﻄﻮح ﭘﺮ ﺗﻤﺎس دارد و ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﻬﺎ در ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯿﮕﺮدﻧﺪ. ارﺗﻘﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ دﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ و ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن، ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﺑﺰار ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎی ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺸﻤﺎر ﻣﯽ روﻧﺪ.‬ </div> <div align="justify" style="direction: ltr"> <b>Introduction:</b> Nosocomial infections (NIs), also called hospital-acquired infections are infections acquired during hospital care which are not present or incubating at admission. Nosocomial infections remain a major global concern in all countries. Health care settings are an environment where both infected persons and persons at increased risk of infection congregate. Patients with infections or carriers of pathogenic microorganisms admitted to hospital are potential sources of infection for patients and staff. Staff hands and hospital surfaces have important role in produce and controlling nosocomial Infections. <br><b>Material and Method</b>: Related papers to importance of staff hands and hospital surfaces in nosocomial infections were extracted of articles in Pubmed, Elsevier Science, and Yahoo from 1995 to 2010 years. For this study key words which were search include hospital surfaces, staff hand, nosocomial infection and infection control. <br><b>Results</b>: About importance of staff hands and ho spital surfaces in nosocomial infections in all of similar original and review articles, there is consensus that control of Bacterial population in these sources, lead to reduce and control of transfer and spread of Bacterial in hospital and finally nosocomial infection. <br><b>Conclusion: </b>Hospital surfaces can serve as reservoirs of potential pathogen Bacteria and have important role in infection chain. Bacteria on hospital surfaces have low potential to spread. Staff hands have very contact with hospital surfaces, especially high contact surface, and are more sources to transmission and spread Bacteria into hospital. Staff Hand and hospital surfaces hygiene has been considered to be the most important tool in NI control. </div> ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن، دﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ، ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ، ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ‬ Hospital Surfaces, Staff Hand, Nosocomial Infection, Infection Control 14 22 http://ijmm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-164&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Shilla Jalalpoor ‫ﺷﯿﻼ ﺟﻼل ﭘﻮر shilla.jalalpoor@yahoo.com 10031947532846001018 10031947532846001018 Yes Islamic Azad University Shahreza Branch, Membership of Young Researchers Club داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﺿﺎ Rooha Kasra Kermanshahi روﺣﺎ ﮐﺴﺮی ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻫﯽ 10031947532846001019 10031947532846001019 No Dept of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Alzahra (Tehran), Tehran ﮔﺮوه آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﻟﺰﻫﺮا)ﺗﻬﺮان(. ﺗﻬﺮان. Ashraf Sadat Noohi اﺷﺮف اﻟﺴﺎدات ﻧﻮﺣﯽ 10031947532846001020 10031947532846001020 No Dept of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran اﺳﺘﺎد ﮔﺮوه آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان. ﺗﻬﺮان. Hamid Zarkesh Esfahani ﺣﻤﯿﺪ زرﮐﺶ اﺻﻔﻬﺎﻧﯽ 10031947532846001021 10031947532846001021 No Dept of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan. ﮔﺮوه آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﺻﻔﻬﺎن. اﺻﻔﻬﺎن.