Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology

✅ Presently, viral diseases are incrementing all over the world, for which the definitive solutions are difficult since there are no effective drugs. In the 1990s, antiviral probiotics first appeared when they acted as drugs for protecting the intestinal epithelium against viral infection and reducing diarrhea.

✅ The pervasiveness of urinary tract infections (UTIs) with their clinical manifestations in patients with diabetes mellitus has escalated amidst the past decade or so, as myriad predisposing factors contribute to its occurrence. Although the causative agent of UTI is Escherichia coli, the etiopathogenesis can be traced back to glycosuria in the renal parenchymal region.

✅ The most common cultivated strains included E. coli and K. pneumoniae. bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM, bla_SHV, and multigenic expression were observed. The detection of the bla_SHV gene is associated with increased antibiotic resistance to Imipenem, Amikacin, and Ceftazidime.

✅ Compared with Amphotericin B, P. farcta could be considered a potential antifungal agent in terbinafine-resistant clinical isolates of dermatophytes.

✅ Highlights

• 63.3% of isolated K. pneumoniae, 100% of P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii isolates were found to be susceptible to amikacin and colistin by VITEK 2 system.
• Based on the VITEK 2 results and manual DDST, 123/265 (46.1%) of E. coli isolates and 10/78 of K. pneumoniae (12.82%) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positive, respectively.
• 31 isolates of K. pneumoniae ssp. pneumonia, K. pneumonia ssp. ozaenae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and Acinetobacter isolates were identified as XDR.

• The rate of XDR bacteria was high in the investigated laboratory in this study. Therefore, accurate screening and antimicrobial stewardship is recommended in different medical centers of Iran.

✅ The results of this study showed that the isolates were positive for at least one gene and at most 2 tetracycline resistance genes. The tetA gene showed the highest frequency and the lowest frequency was demonstrated by tetB. The highest binary combination of genes was tetA-tetC, and the lowest was tetA-tet39.

✅ Regarding the importance of accurate diagnosis of Alcaligenes in combating nosocomial infections, it seems with phenotypic and biochemical tests, there is a possibility of error in their diagnosis; so using the PCR method, each species can be determined more accurately.

✅ The environmental conditions significantly affect A. baumannii biofilm and its extracellular matrix compounds.

✅ IMM supernatant extract from Pindul cave, Indonesia, has the potential to control antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens.

 

✅ Before interventional clinical studies in humans, researchers usually perform preclinical studies in vitro or in vivo to evaluate the initial efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of interventions.