Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Background and Aims: One of the most important childhood infections is urinary tract infection (UTI). In order to prevent serious complications of UTI in children such as hypertension and renal failure, definitively diagnose and prompt treatment are essential.  Since bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae are known to be the most common causes of UTI, the present study aimed to determine the frequency and antimicrobial resistance patterns of them in children with UTI.

Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on urine samples of children with UTI referred to Children`s Medical Center of Tehran during one year. The urine samples were cultured on selective media and the bacteria were identified by biochemical tests. Antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates were investigated by disk diffusion method.

Results and Discussion: Out of 1348 positive urines for Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, more cases of UTI were observed in outpatient (1050, 77.89%) than in hospitalized patients (298, 22.11%). E.coli was the most common bacteria isolated among family Enterobacteriaceae, with prevalence of 76%. The clinical isolates had the most sensitivity to Amikacin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam, respectively (93%), and (98%) and resistance to Cephalothin (80%). Considering the prevalence of urinary tract infections, especially in children under 2 years and also in girls, the knowledge of local resistance pattern and well-timed eligible treatment are imperative. Accordingly, Amikacin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam are recommended for empirical treatment in children with UTI.