Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Background and Aim: Nosocomial infections are defined as infections occurring during a patient's stay at hospital (48-72h after admission).Nosocomial infections are one of the important problems of health. This study aimed was determine the prevalence of nosocomial infections, and related factors in hospitals with more than 100 beds in south Khorasan Province.

Materials and Methods: In this crass-sectional study, an investigator-administered questionnaire was completed for each patient with nosocomial infections diagnosis in hospitals with more than 100 beds in South Khorasan. This questionnaire conation demographic characteristic of patients, department, duration of admission, kind of pathogen and risk factors that was designed according to standard questionnaire of Iranian Nasocomial infections surveillance system (INIS) of Center for communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16 software.

Results and discussion: Number of patients with nosocomial infection was 358. The incidence of nosocomial infection was 0.9%. ICU had the highest incidence rate (17.3%). The most common nosocomial infection was pneumonia (43%), and urinary tract infection (UTI) (15.1%). In 33.5% culture result were negative. In other cases, culture results showed klebsiella spp. (12.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.8%) were the most prevalent bacteria. Most factors associated with nosocomial infection in patients were urinary catheters (70.4%), suction (66.8%) and tracheal tube (54.2%). 24% of patients expired. The results showed lower ratio of nosocomial infection, that the main reason is failure to detection and reporting of actual cases of nosocomial infection. Promoting detection and reporting system for Prevention and control of nosocomial infection was recommended